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Intercostal Muscles Oxygenation and Breathing Pattern during Exercise in Competitive Marathon Runners
Contreras-Briceño F, Espinosa-Ramírez M, Moya-Gallardo E, et al. Intercostal muscles oxygenation and breathing pattern during exercise in competitive marathon runners. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(16):8287. Published 2021 Aug 5. doi:10.3390/ijerph18168287
Inhalation/Exhalation Ratio Modulates the Effect of Slow Breathing on Heart Rate Variability and Relaxation
Van Diest I, Verstappen K, Aubert AE, Widjaja D, Vansteenwegen D, Vlemincx E. Inhalation/Exhalation ratio modulates the effect of slow breathing on heart rate variability and relaxation. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2014;39(3-4):171-180. doi:10.1007/s10484-014-9253-x
One-Sentence Summary:
Controlled breathing at 6 breaths/min with an extended exhale improves subjective ratings of relaxation, mindfulness, and positive energy.