This is an online repository of peer-reviewed, published literature on the science of breath as it relates to health, well-being, and human performance. The intent of sharing these articles is to allow others to read and learn, just as we doing are here at HHPF.

HHPF is not advocating that these articles are necessarily done well or poorly, or are “the truth.” There is no “truth” in science per se. But, by exploring the scientific research that has been done, we can gradually learn about what’s known, what’s not known, and how we may approach filling in the gaps in knowledge.

If you are interested in discussing the papers in our science library and connecting with other like-minded people, we encourage you to go to our Instagram page.


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Featured
Breath and Physiology
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, Sexual Function, Sexual Dysfunction, Body Image, Dyspnea
May Dyspnea Sensation Influence the Sexual Function in Men With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome? A Prospective Control Study
Breath and Physiology
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, Sexual Function, Sexual Dysfunction, Body Image, Dyspnea
Breath and Physiology
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, Sexual Function, Sexual Dysfunction, Body Image, Dyspnea
Breath and Physiology
Innate immunity, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Nitric oxide, Breathing
Could Nasal Nitric Oxide Help to Mitigate the Severity of COVID-19?
Breath and Physiology
Innate immunity, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Nitric oxide, Breathing
Breath and Physiology
Innate immunity, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Nitric oxide, Breathing
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
Breath-holding duration, Caffeine challenge test, Panic disorder
Caffeine Challenge and Breath-Holding Duration in Patients with Panic Disorder
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
Breath-holding duration, Caffeine challenge test, Panic disorder
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
Breath-holding duration, Caffeine challenge test, Panic disorder
Breath and Physiology
slow-paced breathing, mindfulness, mind-body intervention, remote, sleep, wearable physiology, heart rate, stress
Dismantling the Component-Specific Effects of Yogic Breathing: Feasibility of a fully remote three-arm RCT with virtual laboratory visits and wearable physiology
Breath and Physiology
slow-paced breathing, mindfulness, mind-body intervention, remote, sleep, wearable physiology, heart rate, stress
Breath and Physiology
slow-paced breathing, mindfulness, mind-body intervention, remote, sleep, wearable physiology, heart rate, stress
Breath and Psychology, Breath and Physiology
breathwork, respiration, stress, anxiety, depression
Effect of Breathwork on Stress and Mental Health: A meta-analysis of randomised-controlled trials
Breath and Psychology, Breath and Physiology
breathwork, respiration, stress, anxiety, depression
Breath and Psychology, Breath and Physiology
breathwork, respiration, stress, anxiety, depression
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
breathwork, pranayama, diaphragmatic breathing, hyperventilation, heart rate variability biofeedback, anxiety disorders, agoraphobia, anxiety, stress, phobia
Breathwork Interventions for Adults with Clinically Diagnosed Anxiety Disorders: A scoping review
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
breathwork, pranayama, diaphragmatic breathing, hyperventilation, heart rate variability biofeedback, anxiety disorders, agoraphobia, anxiety, stress, phobia
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
breathwork, pranayama, diaphragmatic breathing, hyperventilation, heart rate variability biofeedback, anxiety disorders, agoraphobia, anxiety, stress, phobia
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Performance
exercise, runners, near-infrared spectroscopy, respiratory muscles, respiration
Intercostal Muscles Oxygenation and Breathing Pattern during Exercise in Competitive Marathon Runners
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Performance
exercise, runners, near-infrared spectroscopy, respiratory muscles, respiration
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Performance
exercise, runners, near-infrared spectroscopy, respiratory muscles, respiration
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Performance
central command, differential control, metabolic acidosis, respiratory frequency, tidal volume
Time to Reconsider how Ventilation is Regulated above the Respiratory Compensation Point during Incremental Exercise
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Performance
central command, differential control, metabolic acidosis, respiratory frequency, tidal volume
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Performance
central command, differential control, metabolic acidosis, respiratory frequency, tidal volume
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Performance
Breathing control, exercise hyperpnoea, perceived exertion, sinusoidal exercise, ventilatory pattern
Respiratory Frequency and Tidal Volume During Exercise: Differential control and unbalanced interdependence
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Performance
Breathing control, exercise hyperpnoea, perceived exertion, sinusoidal exercise, ventilatory pattern
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Performance
Breathing control, exercise hyperpnoea, perceived exertion, sinusoidal exercise, ventilatory pattern
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
yoga breathing, meditation, well-being, awareness, longevity, anxiety, depression
Yoga Breathing, Meditation, and Longevity
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
yoga breathing, meditation, well-being, awareness, longevity, anxiety, depression
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
yoga breathing, meditation, well-being, awareness, longevity, anxiety, depression
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
aging, dyspnea, gender, neuroimaging, obesity, psychology
Understanding Dyspnea as a Complex Individual Experience
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
aging, dyspnea, gender, neuroimaging, obesity, psychology
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
aging, dyspnea, gender, neuroimaging, obesity, psychology
Breath and Physiology
Breathlessness and Dysfunctional Breathing in Patients with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): The impact of a physiotherapy intervention
Breath and Physiology
Breath and Physiology
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
olfactory brain, slow breathing, deep breathing, rest, respiratory-drive, nasal airflow
The Deep and Slow Breathing Characterizing Rest Favors Brain Respiratory-Drive
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
olfactory brain, slow breathing, deep breathing, rest, respiratory-drive, nasal airflow
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
olfactory brain, slow breathing, deep breathing, rest, respiratory-drive, nasal airflow
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
insomnia, autonomic nervous system, hyper-arousal, evolutionary mismatch hypothesis, paced breathing, slow breathing, cardiorespiratory synchronization, sleep, sleep disturbance
Self-Regulation of Breathing as an Adjunctive Treatment of Insomnia
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
insomnia, autonomic nervous system, hyper-arousal, evolutionary mismatch hypothesis, paced breathing, slow breathing, cardiorespiratory synchronization, sleep, sleep disturbance
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
insomnia, autonomic nervous system, hyper-arousal, evolutionary mismatch hypothesis, paced breathing, slow breathing, cardiorespiratory synchronization, sleep, sleep disturbance
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
meditation, oxygen saturation, slow breathing, breathing, heart rate variability, oxygenation
Acute Fall and Long‐Term Rise in Oxygen Saturation in Response to Meditation
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
meditation, oxygen saturation, slow breathing, breathing, heart rate variability, oxygenation
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
meditation, oxygen saturation, slow breathing, breathing, heart rate variability, oxygenation
Breath and Physiology, Masks
physical activity, coronavirus, maximal oxygen uptake, pulse oximetry, near-infrared spectroscopy, COVID-19, pandemic, masks
Wearing of Cloth or Disposable Surgical Face Masks has no Effect on Vigorous Exercise Performance in Healthy Individuals
Breath and Physiology, Masks
physical activity, coronavirus, maximal oxygen uptake, pulse oximetry, near-infrared spectroscopy, COVID-19, pandemic, masks
Breath and Physiology, Masks
physical activity, coronavirus, maximal oxygen uptake, pulse oximetry, near-infrared spectroscopy, COVID-19, pandemic, masks
Breath and Physiology, Masks
mask, masks, pandemic, COVID-19, face covering, physiology, basic phycological needs, exercise
Commentary: Physiological and Psychological Impact of Face Mask Usage during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Breath and Physiology, Masks
mask, masks, pandemic, COVID-19, face covering, physiology, basic phycological needs, exercise
Breath and Physiology, Masks
mask, masks, pandemic, COVID-19, face covering, physiology, basic phycological needs, exercise
Breath and Physiology, Masks
mask, COVID-19, work of breathing, gas exchange, blood gases
Facemasks and the Cardiorespiratory Response to Physical Activity in Health and Disease
Breath and Physiology, Masks
mask, COVID-19, work of breathing, gas exchange, blood gases
Breath and Physiology, Masks
mask, COVID-19, work of breathing, gas exchange, blood gases
Breath and Physiology, Masks
mask, COVID-19, cardiopulmonary, exercise capacity, ventilation, surgical masks, FFP2/N95
Effects of Surgical and FFP2/N95 Face Masks on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity
Breath and Physiology, Masks
mask, COVID-19, cardiopulmonary, exercise capacity, ventilation, surgical masks, FFP2/N95
Breath and Physiology, Masks
mask, COVID-19, cardiopulmonary, exercise capacity, ventilation, surgical masks, FFP2/N95
Breath and Physiology
hypertension, blood pressure, BP, global trends, cardiovascular, CV, CVD, meta-analysis
Worldwide Trends in Blood Pressure from 1975 to 2015: A pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants
Breath and Physiology
hypertension, blood pressure, BP, global trends, cardiovascular, CV, CVD, meta-analysis
Breath and Physiology
hypertension, blood pressure, BP, global trends, cardiovascular, CV, CVD, meta-analysis
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
asthma, breathing retraining, asthma symptoms & control, RCT, anxiety, depression, quality of life, asthma anti-inflammatory medications
Breathing Exercises for Asthma: A randomised controlled trial
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
asthma, breathing retraining, asthma symptoms & control, RCT, anxiety, depression, quality of life, asthma anti-inflammatory medications
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
asthma, breathing retraining, asthma symptoms & control, RCT, anxiety, depression, quality of life, asthma anti-inflammatory medications
Breath and Physiology
asthma, breathing retraining, carbon dioxide, hypocapnia, mechanism of action, asthma symptoms & control, review, CO2
Hypocapnia and Asthma: A mechanism for breathing retraining?
Breath and Physiology
asthma, breathing retraining, carbon dioxide, hypocapnia, mechanism of action, asthma symptoms & control, review, CO2
Breath and Physiology
asthma, breathing retraining, carbon dioxide, hypocapnia, mechanism of action, asthma symptoms & control, review, CO2
Breath and Psychology, Breath and Physiology
asthma, neurocognitive processing, brain-asthma connection, central nervous system, breath and brain states, breath-brain connection, body-brain connection, fMRI, psychological stimuli, inflammation
Are There Neurophenotypes for Asthma? Functional Brain Imaging of the Interaction between Emotion and Inflammation in Asthma
Breath and Psychology, Breath and Physiology
asthma, neurocognitive processing, brain-asthma connection, central nervous system, breath and brain states, breath-brain connection, body-brain connection, fMRI, psychological stimuli, inflammation
Breath and Psychology, Breath and Physiology
asthma, neurocognitive processing, brain-asthma connection, central nervous system, breath and brain states, breath-brain connection, body-brain connection, fMRI, psychological stimuli, inflammation
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
asthma, diaphragmatic breathing, breath retraining, mechanisms of action, neurocognitive processing, breath-brain connection
Hypocapnia Correction as a Working Mechanism for Breathing Retraining in Asthma - Authors' reply
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
asthma, diaphragmatic breathing, breath retraining, mechanisms of action, neurocognitive processing, breath-brain connection
Breath and Physiology, Breath and Psychology
asthma, diaphragmatic breathing, breath retraining, mechanisms of action, neurocognitive processing, breath-brain connection
Breath and Physiology
breath, diaphragmatic breathing, anxiety, abdominal breathing, relaxation training
The Effectiveness of Diaphragmatic Breathing Relaxation Training for Reducing Anxiety
Breath and Physiology
breath, diaphragmatic breathing, anxiety, abdominal breathing, relaxation training
Breath and Physiology
breath, diaphragmatic breathing, anxiety, abdominal breathing, relaxation training
Breath and Psychology, Breath and Physiology
breath, yoga breathing, anxiety, hospital anxiety and depression scale, perceived stress scale, fatigue, sleep, sleep disturbance, quality of life, yoga, pranayama, ujjayi
Yoga Breathing for Cancer Chemotherapy–Associated Symptoms and Quality of Life: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Breath and Psychology, Breath and Physiology
breath, yoga breathing, anxiety, hospital anxiety and depression scale, perceived stress scale, fatigue, sleep, sleep disturbance, quality of life, yoga, pranayama, ujjayi
Breath and Psychology, Breath and Physiology
breath, yoga breathing, anxiety, hospital anxiety and depression scale, perceived stress scale, fatigue, sleep, sleep disturbance, quality of life, yoga, pranayama, ujjayi
Breath and Psychology, Breath and Physiology
breath, deep breathing, tension-anxiety, anxiety, fatigue, cancer, chemotherapy, cancer fatigue scale
The Effects of Deep Breathing on 'Tension-Anxiety' and Fatigue in Cancer Patients Undergoing Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Breath and Psychology, Breath and Physiology
breath, deep breathing, tension-anxiety, anxiety, fatigue, cancer, chemotherapy, cancer fatigue scale
Breath and Psychology, Breath and Physiology
breath, deep breathing, tension-anxiety, anxiety, fatigue, cancer, chemotherapy, cancer fatigue scale
Breath and Psychology, Breath and Physiology
slow breathing, autonomic function, central nervous system, heart rate variability, nasal breathing, nose, EEG, alpha power, theta power
How Breath-Control Can Change Your Life: A systematic review on psycho physiological correlates of slow breathing
Breath and Psychology, Breath and Physiology
slow breathing, autonomic function, central nervous system, heart rate variability, nasal breathing, nose, EEG, alpha power, theta power
Breath and Psychology, Breath and Physiology
slow breathing, autonomic function, central nervous system, heart rate variability, nasal breathing, nose, EEG, alpha power, theta power
Breath and Psychology
SKY breathing, stress, anxiety, depression, PTSD, yoga, clinical outcomes, alternative treatment, complementary treatment
Sudarshan Kriya Yogic Breathing in the Treatment of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: Part II—clinical applications and guidelines
Breath and Psychology
SKY breathing, stress, anxiety, depression, PTSD, yoga, clinical outcomes, alternative treatment, complementary treatment
Breath and Psychology
SKY breathing, stress, anxiety, depression, PTSD, yoga, clinical outcomes, alternative treatment, complementary treatment
Breath and Psychology, Breath and Physiology
autonomic nervous system, cardiorespiratory synchronization, stress, anxiety, depression, excitability, slow breathing, deep breathing, membrane potential
Self-Regulation of Breathing as a Primary Treatment for Anxiety
Breath and Psychology, Breath and Physiology
autonomic nervous system, cardiorespiratory synchronization, stress, anxiety, depression, excitability, slow breathing, deep breathing, membrane potential
Breath and Psychology, Breath and Physiology
autonomic nervous system, cardiorespiratory synchronization, stress, anxiety, depression, excitability, slow breathing, deep breathing, membrane potential

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